Pyrotechnic material. Electric igniter 1.
Pyrotechnic material. Pyrotechnics may include fireworks, flash powders, smoke grenades, thermites, matches, and flares. Pyrotechnic gerbs used in the entertainment industry Pyrotechnics is the science and craft of creating fireworks, but also includes safety matches, oxygen candles, explosive bolts (and other fasteners), parts of automotive airbags, as well as gas-pressure blasting in mining, quarrying, and demolition. The substrate may be provided in flexible film tape form and coated on both sides with metal to provide a flash transfer medium with flash velocities typically within the range 10-100 ms -1 Unlike traditional pyrotechnics, which get their energy from oxidizing carbon or metal fuels, high-nitrogen materials store their energy in their N–N and N–H bonds. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR DOUBTS AS HOW TO USE ANY PYROTECHNIC PRODUCT, DO NOT USE IT BEFORE CONSULTING WITH Indoor Pyrotechnics SFX Supplies is an official Le Maitre Pyrotechnics dealer and stockist, we have a range of indoor and stage pyrotechnic effects for sale alongside hardware We offer Le Maitre's entire range of pyrotechnic effects from their pyroflash plug in system, which is an easy to use plug-in and play cartridge system for semi-pro users. Dec 5, 2024 · Abstract Due to the toxicity and negative environmental impact of lead- and chromate (IV and VI)-based delay compositions, alternative substance mixtures are required to be investigated as possible substitutes for pyrotechnic materials. While The best place to buy fireworks online and learn how to create your own pyrotechnics and fireworks show. The drawback with these terms is they are vaguely defined and may vary from one author to the next. The transportation of such items is restricted and governed by the Civil Aviation Regulations. We have prepared AFCs at lab level (up to 1 kg/batch) and some compositions @ 5 kg/batch with industry partners. About this manual The purpose of this safety manual is to assist users in understanding the Explosives Regulations, 2013 (the Regulations) as they relate to special efect pyrotechnics and for the safe sale, use and storage of special efect pyrotechnics. This trade relies upon self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions to Pyrotechnic refers to a category of chemical compounds and materials, such as flares, smokes, igniters, heat sources, and delays, that are studied for their complex chemistry and commercial importance, particularly in applications like thermal hazard evaluation and environmentally-friendly system design. Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) for all products used in the pyrotechnic display must be available at the installation when the show is being set up, to guide clean-up activities in case of a material spill, and to provide to emergency medical personnel in case of accidental exposure. Pyrotechnics are mixtures of substances that produce noise, light, heat, smoke, or motion when ignited. Dangerous Goods or hazardous material (HAZMAT) are items that due to their chemical or physical qualities could endanger the safety of an aircraft or persons on board the aircraft. Official definitions gleaned from several sources are shown in Figure 2, Definitions, explosive, propellant, propellent, pyrotechnics Feb 25, 1998 · BACKGROUND This invention relates to energetic materials and more particularly to methods of producing energetic materials from metals and fluoropolymers. Igni-tion is the process of stimulating a pyrotechnic composition to release its internal energy and can be defined as “the initiation of self-sustained burning or explosion of a pyrotechnic material”. One or more explosive charges embedded within the bolt are typically activated by an electric current, and the charge breaks the bolt into two or more pieces. Pyrotechnic A pyrotechnic is a chemical material that burns at a controlled rate to produce gas, heat, or particles. In pyrotechnics it occurs by deflagration, i. 3. Generally, the higher the surface area of the particles, the higher the reaction rate and burning speed. Security-type attaché cases, cash boxes, cash bags, etc. We design and manufacture in the United States and export our products around the world. Items such as safety matches, oxygen candles, explosive bolts and fasteners, and the automobile safety airbag all fall under the purview of pyrotechnics. A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas/smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions. Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Steps to be taken in case material is release or spilled: If hand signal device ruptures, material spilled from unit should be swept away and burned by trained personnel. LAW Ignition of pyrotechnic materials is a problem that has had relatively little attention over the years. You deserve materials and information you can trust, and we want you to have both. Equipment & Supplies Pyrotechnicians expand your "toolbox" and hobbyist find what you need to create your own custom effects. Jan 30, 2024 · Pyrotechnics is the science and art of creating fireworks and other related devices that produce visible and audible effects through the controlled combustion of materials. The name is often used also for the compositions themselves. Ignition sources must be avoided. Autoliv’s pyrotechnic inflators contain a core of solid-gas generant. Pyrotechnic actuated devices, such as exploding bolts, pin pushers/retracters, pyrotechnic valves, separation devices, and cable/rope cutters can all be found in disconnection/release systems, emergency systems, space applications and launch systems for different purposes. Pyrotechnic composition particles can be grains or flakes. Jan 1, 2003 · Pyrotechnics, together with explosives and propellants, make up the trio of high-energy materials. The product of simply mixing the ingredients is also used in pyrotechnics and is called green powder. BY BUILDERS, FOR BUILDERS Like you, we care about building safe, quality shows (and making our buddies jealous). TNT, ANFO). Once ignited, however, the pyrotechnic material burns thus producing energy. incorporating dangerous goods, such as lithium batteries and/or pyrotechnic material, except as provided in 2. Emerging molecular perovskite energetic materials with embedded ternary ions have evolved PADs Product Page Pyrotechnic composition A mixture of materials consisting essentially of an oxidizing agent (oxidant) and a fuel. It is capable of producing a self-sustaining reaction when heated to its ignition temperature. In double-base pyrotechnics, the oxidising agents may be nitrates, chlorates, peroxides, oxides, chromates and perchlorates (the best), all providing oxygen. Pyrotechnic substances do not rely on oxygen from external sources to sustain the reaction and include flash powder, gunpowder and coloured fire compostions. Pyrotechnics Pyrotechnics are mixtures of fuels and oxidizers that may include organic binders and color intensifiers. Jan 1, 2021 · Pyrotechnic materials that generate high energy, light, sound, and smoke, upon their exothermic chemical reaction have been utilized in various civil, aerospace, and military applications [1], [2], [3]. These substances typically consists of metallic fuels such as zirconium (Zr), aluminum (Al), and magnesium, and oxidizers such as metal oxides or inorganic perchlorate materials depending upon At PacSci EMC, we engineer critical pyrotechnic and energetic material solutions to protect and safeguard this world. Dec 23, 2022 · The development of less toxic and environment-friendly nitrogen-rich and perchlorate-free energetic materials, which could be used in light- and smoke-emitting pyrotechnic formulations is a challengi Mar 15, 2023 · Pyrotechnic Igniters Design Considerations When it comes to sizing, we're really focused on the amount of energetic material in there and the duration of time it has to burn. Handle materials with care. ADVANCED PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS PRIVATE LIMITED Registration No. These are used to create the colors in pyrotechnic compositions like fireworks and colored fires. Different mixtures of chemical powders are used for different colors and effects. Thermal behavior and thermal stability are the very important properties of pyrotechnics. Mar 4, 2022 · Fire and Materials RESEARCH ARTICLE Bio-modified pyrotechnic composite materials for firefighting application Pyar Singh Jassal, Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India. Jan 24, 2025 · A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of components designed to produce an effect in the form of heat, light, sound, gas, smoke, or a combination thereof, as a result of self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions that take place without detonation. Results indicate that these materials exhibit the desired pyrotechnic material properties and the effect can be correlated to the dimensionality of the structure. Pyrotechnics In subject area: Physics and Astronomy Pyrotechnics is defined as the study and use of materials that produce controlled explosions, typically involving chemical reactions to create light, heat, sound, or gas, often utilized in fireworks and other explosive applications. A pyrotechnic fastener (also called an explosive bolt, or pyro, within context) is a fastener, usually a nut or bolt, that incorporates a pyrotechnic charge that can be initiated remotely. A method for making a pyrotechnic composition in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology includes flowing metal powder, polytetrafluoroethylene powder, and binder powder in separate respective feed streams toward an extruder. Suitable storage material: Original packaging Storage material to avoid: Packaging that does not meet the applicable ADR regulations, metals. A similar process does not depend on oxygen from external sources Pyrotechnic Pyrotechnics are materials that differ from explosives and propellants in their lower reaction rate and less gas production. Nov 14, 2024 · Pyrotechnics are among the energetic materials that have wide applications in various military and civilian fields. [3] Section 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE MATERIAL & SUPPLIER PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: Railway Track Signal 24/15/1 COMPANY: Howard & Sons Pyrotechnics (Manufacturing) Pty Ltd ADDRESS: Pipers Flat Road, Wallerawang, New South Wales, 2845, Australia TELEPHONE: (02) 6355 7301 Pyro Direct offers fireworks supplies, novelties, tools, and more for pyrotechnic enthusiasts and professionals to shop online. ) to the more complex techniques Sep 6, 2023 · Pyrotechnics are a unique set of materials because they can be formulated to control combustion behavior to elicit desired effects such as light emission, smoke formation, and noise. An important consequence of international agreements to greatiy reduce the stockpiles of conventional and nuclear munitions is the intensification of a program to develop procedures to destroy, recycle, and/or reclaim explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnic material efficientiy and without significant environmental impact. Energetic materials (EMs) have long been utilized for a variety of military, aerospace, commercial and oil and gas applications. Further benefits of these types of material Pyrotechnic Specialties, Inc. The thermal stability of a pyrotechnic shows the scope of application as well as safety. AI generated definition based on: Demystifying Explosives, 2015 A pyrotechnic is a mixture of chemicals that is capable of a self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reaction, for the production of heat, light, gas, smoke, or sound. [Pg. / Unique Entity Number: 198103303G issued by Accounting And Corporate Regulatory Authority ADVANCED PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS PRIVATE LIMITED (the "Company") is a Private Company Limited by Shares, incorporated on 14 July 1981 (Tuesday) in Singapore . They are used in matches, incendiaries, and other igniters; in fireworks and flares; in fuses and other initiators for primary explosives A pyrotechnic colorant is a chemical compound which causes a flame to burn with a particular color. Cannon Fuse - Fuse used to create delays in the rate of firing multiple fireworks links together. Notice that all practical double-base pyrotechnics are powder solids mixed-up, with some gluing agent to keep them bounded, because liquid mixtures are too unstable. However, many tests have been developed in an attempt to measure the ability of an energetic material to ignite from various sources. Emirates restricts all smart balance wheels (with or without lithium batteries removed) to be transported as checked-in A pyrotechnic substance is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions. Aug 7, 2015 · These new materials have been assessed for pyrotechnic effect by calorimetry and burn tests. Overall, for the pyrotechnic delay material, moisture-induced ageing results in a decline in oxidant content and the premature onset of fuel oxidation, resulting in deviations from intended performance. Therefore, the Mg/ CaO 2 and Mg/Li 2 O 2 delay compositions were subject of this work. Jun 1, 2019 · A pyrotechnic system originally used as pyrotechnic pellet in thermal batteries is the so-called “Heat paper”. Pyrotechnics are a special class of energetic material; when suitably initiated, they give a special effect as reported in Bailey and Murray (1989). The distinction between these materials is associated with the nature of the combustion process. Spent Device – An inflator, airbag module, or pre-tensioner that no longer contains any energetic materials and is Security-type attaché cases, cash boxes, cash bags, etc. The Pyrotechnics Summary Pyrotechnics is the science of controlling exothermic chemical reactions, using materials that are self-contained and self-sustained to produce gas, heat, light, sound, and smoke. The method further includes Introduction The scientific paper Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade Center Catastrophe provides, quite simply, proof that explosives were used in the destruction of the Twin Towers. Delayed pyrotechnic compositions are materials that rapidly burn when ignited, thus creating a time delay. Store separately, maintain safety distances in accordance with national legislation for pyrotechnic preparations. Waste Disposal Method: Incineration is the preferred method of disposal of the pyrotechnic materials in the A pyrotechnic material consists of an oxidisable metal vapour-deposited onto an oxidising polymeric substrate, the metal and polymeric substrate being conjointly capable of exothermic reaction on ignition. Specifically, the paper positively identifies an advanced engineered pyrotechnic material in each of several samples of dust from the destroyed skyscrapers, in the form of tiny Electric igniter 1. Sensitive materials that can be exploded by a relatively small amount of heat or pressure are called primary explosives (e. In this context, we refer to all airbag modules and pre-tensioning seatbelts as being pyrotechnic devices. The basic principles of pyrotechnics involve the careful combination of various chemicals to produce specific colours, sounds, and visual effects. Without pyrotechnics, modern aviation and spaceflight would be impracticable Demilitarization and Disposal of Explosive Material. The word “pyrotechnics” comes from the Greek words “pyr” meaning fire and “technos” meaning art. Pyrotechnic Material A chemical mixture used in the entertainment industry to produce visible or audible effects by combustion, deflagration, or detonation. e. K 1 Introduction The field of pyrotechnics has a long history dating back to the BC age when the Chinese first introduced the world to the use of black powder as a pyrotechnic material. Shop Now Aug 27, 2025 · What is Pyrotechnics? Pyrotechnics is the science and art of creating and manipulating fireworks and explosive materials for entertainment purposes. The reducing agents may be charcoal (carbon), sulfur, or metal powders. nitroglycerine, lead azide), and more stable materials secondary explosives (e. Different testing techniques were developed to evaluate and assess the sensitivity of a material to ignition when subjected to mechanical impact or shock, friction, and electrostatic spark [7]. Pyrotechnic articles are products that contain ignition and/or explosive charges. Sep 3, 2025 · ADVANCED PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS PRIVATE LIMITED is ACRA - registered entity that has been operating for 44 years 3 months in Singapore since its incorporation in 1981. Generally, the fuels are metals and the oxidizers are either salts or metal oxides. Security type 'attaché cases', cash boxes, cash bags incorporating dangerous goods such as lithium batteries and/or pyrotechnic material. Fireworks are composed of several types of materials that vary with their purpose in the overall device. , rocket fuels) are among those materials that transmit terahertz radiation. Pyrotechnic initiator scheme In pyrotechnics, a pyrotechnic initiator (also initiator or igniter) is a device containing a pyrotechnic composition used primarily to ignite other, more difficult-to-ignite materials, such as thermites, gas generators, and solid-fuel rockets. These tests range from the simple sensitivity/safety type tests (spark and impact sensitivity, ignition temperature, etc. Explosive/pyrotechnic and propellant material safety properties established by: - Impact sensitivity - Thermal stability (autoignition temperatures and rates) - Vacuum stability - Electrostatic sensitivity - - Friction sensitivity A pyrotechnic composition consists of fuels, oxidizing agents, and sometimes additives. Quality pyrotechnic chemicals and firework supplies from Pyro Chem Source Potassium Perchlorate, Potassium Nitrate, Aluminum Powder, Sulfur Powder, Charcoal, Titanium, Magnesium, Strontium Nitrate, Barium Nitrate Probably the most common stimulus is the addition of heat, such as provided by a burning match or fuse. The binder powder includes adhesive material and polytetrafluoroethylene anticaking material coating the adhesive material. The address of the Company's registered office is 249 JALAN BOON LAY, SINGAPORE From a forensic standard point, these same particle attributes constitute an important part of the basis for establishing a reliable iden-tification of pyrotechnic materials or a match between known and suspect materials. It examines the interactions between and adaptations of pyrotechnics to changing technology in areas such as obscuration science and low-signature flame emission. A major effort has been Apr 1, 2025 · Aerosol forming composite (AFC) is a pyrotechnic material, and all the safety requirements need for handling of pyrotechnic materials implies here. Since that time, the field of pyrotechnics has greatly evolved. layer-to-layer propagation, in contrast to explosives where combustion leads to detonation and the establishment of a shock wave. This reduces the batch inconsistencies arising from the traditional approach of combining powders by ensuring the key ingredients are ‘mixed’ in appropriate quantities and are in intimate contact. pyrotechnic material means a substance or mixture of substances designed, after initiation, to produce an audible or visual effect or to produce gas; It is used in pyrotechnics. Whether you are involved in manufacturing propellants, emergency illuminations, or flash powders, these chemicals are central to controlled reactions and desired effects. -warehouse, garage and house, shop; -hold the room of animal and birds; The experimentation with, and the use of, pyrotechnic materials can be dangerous; it is im- portant for the reader to be duly cautioned. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Oct 24, 2024 · In this article, we’ll explore 10 key chemicals commonly used not only in fireworks but also in industrial pyrotechnics and other combustion-based applications. For some purposes, binders are used to turn the powder into a solid material. The reason pyrotechnic materials do not spontaneously ig-nite under normal conditions is that ignition requires the input of energy into the composi-tion. Figure 1 shows the energetic material components of typical commercially-produced aerial display fireworks, consisting of an ignition fuse, lifting charge, time fuse, bursting charge and pyrotechnic “stars” or “comets. PYROTECHNIC APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS The generic concept is to apply an energetic (pyrotechnic) material in close contact with the heating zone of the EPIC / MEPIC, called the active area. Fireworks manufacturing technology (fire technology) is the science of materials capable of conducting self-contained self-supporting exothermic chemical reactions that generate Security-type attaché cases, cash boxes, cash bags, etc. Oxidizers include, but are not limited to, barium nitrate Jul 1, 1990 · Pyrotechnics embraces not only fireworks but a whole range of devices that use similar materials, including hazard flares, safety matches and even the solid-fuel rocket boosters of the space shuttle. These types of exothermic chemical reactions have been developed in a variety of ways: to provide entertainment, promote safety, and generate compounds such as oxygen. 6 are totally forbidden. The bolt is typically scored around its Pyrotechnic – A process of a chemical reaction used to convert the stored energetic materials in an inflator or micro gas generator into a rapidly expanding inert gas. The ability to e Upon application of electrical current, heat is generated and transferred from an internal filament or bridgewire to the surrounding pyrotechnic material, causing powder ignition and a rapid output of heat and gas pressure. Pyrotechnic Effects Thomas FX is a leading supplier of pyrotechnic devices, pyrotechnic products, blasting supplies, pyrotechnic equipment, non-toxic colored smoke, smoke grenades, and complementary pyro supplies of every description. Attempts to date have used the definition of materials by function, e. The pyrotechnic materials are typically subjected to three types of investigations to determine the safety and security measures needed in handling the composition, such as: impact sensitivity test, friction sensitivity test and vacuum stability test (results are displayed in Table 3 and Table 4). Jump to any item on page Apr 4, 2025 · Traditional pyrotechnic compositions formed by mechanically mixing flammable and oxidative agents face the problems of complex formulations, inaccurate chemical stoichiometry, and inefficient colour-producing reactions. Less obvious is the The present invention relates to a method for preparing a pyrotechnic composition, a pyrotechnic composition, a method for preparing a pyrotechnic , a pyrotechnic, use of a pyrotechnic and a mixture for pyrotechnics . Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. 7] R. Pyrotechnics involve the use of various chemical compounds and devices to produce colorful displays of light, smoke, sound, and other Chemicals Used in Fireworks and There Pyrotechnic Properties Pyrotechnic Chemicals there use, safety, effect Feb 21, 2023 · Pyrotechnics are a powerful art form that use different chemicals and minerals, each with a unique role in the show. The updated third edition discusses chemical and pyrotechnic principles, components of high-energy materials, elements of ignition, propagation, and sensitivity. During a crash, this generant is ignited and produces a harmless nitrogen-based gas as it burns. Storage temperature: Recommended 5-30°C/41-86°F Our pyrotechnic materials transform energy to perform some kind of work when milliseconds matter, whether it be to actuate, detonate, generate, initiate, perforate, separate or terminate, you can rely on the necessary outcome you need to complete your mission. One of a group of unstable, explosive compounds related to Mercury Fulminate. Their energy produces light, heat, sound, smoke, pressure, movement or similar effects. Anyone without the required training and experience should never experiment with nor use pyrotechnic materials. This is a fine, new resource for fireworkers. Such reactions are used Great Resource! Fireworks Cookbook has a huge range of chemicals, including aluminum powder, dark aluminium powder, atomized aluminum, black aluminum powder, indian aluminium, german aluminum powder, pyro supplies and many hard-to-find ones, at reasonable prices. 2. Personal medical oxygen devices that utilize liquid oxygen. 455] In both explosives and propellants the materials are relatively non-porous. Feb 24, 2010 · This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Features of Pyrotechnics Ingredients of Pyrotechnic Formulations Important Characteristics of Ingredients for Pyrotechnic Formulati ARTICLE, PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS ARE DANGEROUS AND MUST BE CAREFULLY HANDLED AND USED FOLLOWING APPROVED SAFETY PROCEDURES EITHER BY OR UNDER THE DIRECTION OF COMPETENT, EXPERIENCED PERSONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL LAWS, REGULATIONS, OR ORDINANCES. P5o-otechnics usually consist of a mixture of two ingredients a fuel and an oxidizer. Compositions are a mixture of pyrotechnic chemicals that include at least one oxidizer and fuel. Also, the amount of information presented in this text is not a substitute for the necessary training and experience. Thermal analysis methods such as TGA, DTA, and DSC are used to obtain information on the thermal Pyrotechnic Device Any device containing pyrotechnic materials and capable of producing a special effect. . Sep 1, 2024 · The sensitivity of pyrotechnic mixtures is one of the crucial factors that limit their application, storage, handling, and transportation [1]. Pyrotechnics is generally considered the technology of manufacturing and using fireworks, but its scope is wider and includes items for military and industrial uses. Pyrotechnics must contain at least one fuel and oxidizer. Fireworks supplies, pyrotechnic chemicals, fireworks fuse, fireworks shells parts, rocket tubes and wedding sparklers shipped to you same day. Heat paper is a glass-fibre substrate impregnated with a pyrolant based on Zr/BaCrO4 and an inorganic silicate binder [23]. , explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, batteries, bio processes, high energy mixtures. The paper presents preliminary results of the possible application of terahertz radiation in the detection of defects in composite pyrotechnic materials. ” May 10, 2021 · The combustion of pyrotechnic delay composition based on metallic fuel and perchlorate oxidizer involves complex reaction mechanisms and condensed phase heat release. Officially, ADVANCED PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS PRIVATE LIMITED is registered as Private Limited Company with its address 249 JALAN BOON LAY, Singapore 619523. manufactures pyrotechnic and explosive products for defense, as well as explosive ammunition, special compositions and fuses. Burns 30 seconds per foot. Studies on the effect of High quality pyrotechnic chemicals for homemade fireworks, black powder, smokes and more! Sold by the pound, fast shipping. We carry a large line of Cannon Fuse, Safety Fuse, Visco Fuse We carry a full line of top quality firework tubes. Py-rotechnics is defined as an energetic mixture that produces large amounts of light, heat, smoke, and/or sound when ig-nited by means of a The commonly used pyrotechnic materials for electric initiators are ZPP (zirconium potassium perchlorate), THPP (titanium hydride potassium perchlorate), and BPN (boron potassium nitrate), which exhibit fast-burning rates, high-energy density, and easy ignition characteristics. The standby pyrotechnics of the inventive method Zhi forms aerocolloidal fire-extinguishing composite can the following structure of Zai and facility Zhong carry out the fire extinguishing of various combustible material You effect. Jan 1, 2022 · Solid pyrotechnics (e. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for ADVANCED PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS PRIVATE LIMITED of Singapore. A gas generant is a pyrotechnic whose primary output is gas. Upon different electrical solicitations (from capacitive discharge or direct current pulse), the energy provided to the EPIC / MEPIC will be either fully thermally transferred to this primer pyrotechnic An introduction to some of the most credible facts, many published in peer-reviewed journals, indicate the official 911 conspiracy theory is false. 50 €Pyrotechnic supplies Jun 23, 2015 · Abstract A new approach to formulating pyrotechnic materials is presented whereby constituent ingredients are bound together in a solid-state lattice. g. gug dewp uo45 lqon6d hpu hndk cvepmfw7 ac0gqyl esc jk