French freemasonry vs english freemasonry. For modern Anglo-Saxon high degrees, see Keith B.

French freemasonry vs english freemasonry. Its members have very fraternal relations with other Grand Lodges. Solène Tadié, June 5, 2023 The Knights Templar, full name The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, is a fraternal order affiliated with Freemasonry. His appointment as French Grand Master, which was before the transformation of the "Grand Lodge of London" into the "Grand Lodge of England in 1738", is considered by some historians to be the point of departure for French Freemasonry and a declaration of its independence from British Freemasonry. In 1718, English Freemasonry spread to France and Spain, and after 1729, to India, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. Sep 3, 2018 · The York Rite and Scottish Rite are often seen as two branches in competition, particularly in American Freemasonry, but in reality, they both seek to impart further Masonic light to a willing aspirant. French Master's apron from the 19th century The French Rite traces its origins to the introduction of speculative Freemasonry in France around 1725. English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, then as distinctively French lodges that still follow the Moderns’ ritual. Jan 7, 2025 · How Masonic Influence in America shaped the nation's foundation through brotherhood, leadership, and civic engagement, from the Founding Fathers to modern times The Masonic Obedience of France was later on more amicably divided between the the Bodies, and the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council exist as independent powers in French Freemasonry. FREEMASON Encyclopedia Masonica One who has been initiated into the mysteries of the Fraternity of Freemasonry. [1] There are many and varied Masonic rites and obediences in France. History of the Initiatic and Traditional Order of the Royal Art The history HISTORY OF LIBERAL FREEMASONRY English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. He was succeeded as grandmaster of the French Freemasons by the Jacobites James Hector MacLean (1703-1750) and then Charles Radcliffe The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite (AASR in English – REAA in French) was officially born in the early years of the 19th century. Sep 12, 2012 · Freemasonry in France - Visit one of the biggest masonic Web Portals in the World to find the newest information about French Freemasonry. Jan 4, 2013 · Since 1913, the year of its foundation, the French National Grand Lodge (GLNF) came to be the only French Grand Lodge in amity with the United Grand Lodge of England. During the degree work, both the Scottish Rite and York Rite use costumes and stage props to enhance the dramatic impact of the degree. What is the truth regarding the present official attitude of the Catholic Church toward Freemasonry? 6 days ago · Freemason Christians Are Deeply Incoherent, Says Former ‘Worshipful Master’ Christophe Flipo, former Freemason (photo: Courtesy of subject) Christophe Flipo, who left Freemasonry after 25 years following his conversion to Catholicism, discusses his personal journey and the intrinsic incompatibility between Masonic commitment and the Christian faith. Although French Freemasonry is commonly associated with Jacobitism, many French freemasons were Anglophiles who favoured the ‘natural liberties’ and Enlightenment philosophical concepts associated with constitutional government, English culture, and Newton’s rationalist science. Since the early 18th Century, Freemasonry has evolved following the practices and history of each country, starting from the original minimum requirements. The "official" history reports that English Gentlemen came to France and founded speculative lodges in the early 18th century. 3 meets in Paris, France, in September (Installation), October, November, January, February, March and April. The Freemasons are a secret fraternal order of Free and Accepted Masons, the world’s largest fraternal organization. The prominent in Masonry were poised to have a hand in the manipulation of the new Hanoverian dynasty. Freemasonry now exists in various forms all over the world, with a membership estimated at around six million, with around 480,000 in England, Scotland and Ireland alone, and over two million in the United States. French Protestants and the Freemasons Home > Notes > History > French Protestants and the Freemasons During the religious persecution of the XVIIIth century, Protestants were able to meet up with each other within the Freemasonry movement. [2][3] The most practiced rite in the world from the Entered Apprentice degree is the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. Jun 13, 2009 · The Masonic Order Le Droit Humain is an initiatic, philosophical and philanthropical institution which mission is to work for the progress of mankind. It is generally believed that Freemasonry in France came from Scotland and that two Lodges existed in France as early as 1535, in Paris and Lyon2. Two theories are raised with one common point : Freemasonry was brought to France from England. In the XIXth century, Protestant Freemasons played an important role in politics. The Protocols claim that the Jews had Freemasonry in France has been influential on the worldwide Masonic movement due to its founding of Continental Freemasonry. J. Feb 2, 2024 · The Grand Orient de France, a major Masonic institution, traces a history linked to France from the 18th century to 1815. British exiles brought the Modern rite to France and this was little by little passed onto the French Rite. The Scottish Rite is typically run as an appendant body of Freemasonry - a separate group only for Master Masons. Jun 12, 2009 · In 1851, the French government banned this Grand Lodge. The creation of the Craft (as it is also called) occurred over time between the first recorded gentleman joining an Edinburgh stonemasons’ lodge in 1599 and the 1721 publication in London of The Constitutions of the Free-Masons by Scots Presbyterian minister James Chapter 22:English Freemasonry and the Hitler Project Chapter 23:Hider's Destruction of French Freemasonry Chapter 24:Yalta, Post-War Masonry, and the United Nations Chapter 25:The Address of Scarlet Chapter 26:In Search of the Beast Empire Chapter 27:Headquarters of the Beast Empire Appendix 1:Dossiers on a Few Conspiracy Authors Appendix 2:Illustrations Appendix 3:The Luciferian French Freemasonry Home Grand Lodges Regular Grand Lodges Traditional Grand Lodges Liberal Freemasonry The Rites The French Rite The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite The Rectified Scottish Rite (RER) The Ancient and Primitive Rite of… The English Rite (Emulation) The American York Rite The Side Degrees The Documents Masonic Historical Documents Rose Croix and Freemasonry Informations Freemasonry in France (French: Franc-maçonnerie) has been influential on the worldwide Masonic movement due to its founding of Continental Freemasonry. Mar 16, 2025 · From there, Freemasonry spread across Europe, influencing societies and shaping intellectual movements. Jun 22, 2017 · One of the founding fathers of French Freemasonry, Andrew-Michael Ramsay, placed Freemasonry squarely in the history of Christian brotherhood, for like “our ancestors, the crusaders,” he hoped Masonry would unify Christians into a “spiritual nation” that would transcend national, linguistic, and denominational differences. FIRST WAR BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FRENCH FREEMASONRY Many minor German Princes continued to be Freemasons. The history of the beginnings of French masonry quickly becomes that of its divisions. The history of this Rite is the culmination of something called the “Scottish Movement” (what is today called Ecossism). This blog post will explore the The roots of Liberal Freemasonry in North America can be traced to the influence of the Grand Orient de France (GOdF) and other European progressive Masonic bodies. However there are three main traditions in present-day Freemasonry, which can be illustrated by England, the United States and France. St. . For modern Anglo-Saxon high degrees, see Keith B. The Duke of Brunswick was the central figure in the first Masonic conspiracy. 3. About half of the Lodge members are non-French, many are also English Freemasons and members of the United Grand Lodge of England. Freemasonry was particularly prevalent in France—by 1789, there were between 50,000 and 100,000 French Masons, making Freemasonry the most popular of all Enlightenment associations. Discover how Freemasonry spread like wildfire across the continent, shaping Europe's cultural and philosophical landscape. The difference in degree work, however, is that most Sep 11, 2024 · Freemasonry was particularly prevalent in France—by 1789, there were between 50,000 and 100,000 French Masons, making Freemasonry the most popular of all Enlightenment associations. Jan 2, 2013 · The traditional Freemasonry practiced in the Grand Lodge of the Masonic French Alliance, is an initiatic fraternity based on a belief in a Supreme Being, beyond religious dimensions, as the Grand Architect of the Universe. I, William Folds, 1792, MVLA [W-391/A] The origins of Freemasonry are obscure. The Supreme Council decided in 1873 that all Masonic documents shall begin with “To The Glory of the Great Architect of the Universe, In the Name and Auspices of the Supreme Council of France, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”. The Feminine Masonic Union of France becomes the Feminine Grand Lodge of France in 1952. Jan 4, 2013 · The Initiatiic and Traditional Order of the Art Royal (OITAR) is a historically recent Grand Lodge. Unfortunately, driven by business and personal interests, key elements of this organization have lost their original splendor and often their Masonic character. For the improvement of society, its members work to their moral and intellectual development. For a good overview of the large number of Masonic Rites, see Daniel Ligou, Dictionnaire de la Franc-Mafonnerie (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1987), pp. 3 is one of the 17 English-speaking Freemason lodges within the Grande Loge Nationale Française (GLNF). [4] French Freemasonry Freemasonry in France dates back to 1728 when French Masons had decided to recognize Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton, who lived in Paris and Lyon in 1728 and 1729 and who had been Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster in 1723, as Grand Master of all Freemasons in France. Frequently, among English and always among French authors, a Masonic abbreviation is distinguished by three points,. A first difference between the English Jan 9, 2023 · Masons and Freemasons both refer to members of fraternal organizations, but Freemasons pertain to members of the Freemasonry fraternity, a worldwide fraternity known for its rituals, symbols, and moral teachings. I think you’re confusing English, Irish Jul 31, 2012 · France has always played a specific masonic role. It now has over a thousand members, spreaded in less than 50 Lodges in France, but also abroad (Canada: 1 Lodge and Madagascar: 3 Lodges). On the other hand, the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem appears in Anglo-Saxon Freemasonry. Jan 4, 2013 · The French National Lodge is a small regular French Grand Lodge which aim is to promote the traditional teaching of operative and speculative Masonry. First because all the major writers of the US constitution were masons, and then because they belonged some French Grand Lodges and mainly the Grand Orient of France. Feb 7, 2006 · Freemasonry Freemasonry is an international semisecret fraternal movement of regionally or nationally federated organizations with about 200 000 Canadian members. Although freemasons were avowedly nonpolitical Aug 3, 2025 · Key details • Freemasonry reflects divisions in French society with the rise of smaller 'micro-obediences'. Freemasonry, a centuries-old fraternity with humble beginnings in the medieval stonemasons’ guilds of Europe, has since blossomed into a worldwide organization with a diverse range of regional practices. Bradley, S. It uses symbolism and traditions of a much older society known as the Brotherhood of the Rose + Cross, claiming its legendary founder Christian Rosenkreutz. Freemasonry, with its humanitarian emphasis on moral improvement, religious toleration, and universal brotherhood, showed clear traces of Enlightenment influence. It had many great men such as Benjamin Franklin, Lafayette, Proudhon, Jules Ferry, and many others among its members. 20th Century to Today – Freemasonry in the French Republic The “Royal Arch” is considered by the English Freemasons as the deepest achievement and completeness of the Master Mason degree, and not as a new grade or degree. • Key issues of focus include political Islam and euthanasia, relevant to the Discover the Intellectual and Cultural Legacy of the French Rite in Freemasonry Embracing the spirit of the Enlightenment, the French Rite, or Rite Français, stands out as a beacon of reason, humanism, and secularism within the diverse world of Freemasonry. English Lodges were first established from 1721 but the first French-style Lodge was established in 1725, whose Grand Masters were all Scottish exiles who fled with the deposed King James II. Alexander of Russia was educated by La Harpe, a [Grand Orient] Freemason The Elector of Hesse, Prince William of Hanau The Grand Orient de France (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔʁjɑ̃ də fʁɑ̃s], abbr. 2)). [2] That said, there is no homogeneous anti-Masonic movement. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. Jackson, Beyond the Craft (London: Lewis Masonic, 1980). Spread by the advance of the British Empire, Freemasonry remains most popular in the British Isles and in other countries originally within the empire. The first Masonic lodge in France was attended predominantly by Irishmen and Jacobite exiles, and it wasn’t until seven years later, in 1732, that the lodge received official patents from the Grand Lodge of England. ) The French National Lodge (LNF) was officially born on April 26, 1968, from the decision of three lodges having regular The Masonic Rosicrucian organization was founded in 1865 by Robert Wentworth, this following the discovery of certain manuscripts in the earliest records of the Grand Lodge of England. These all signify a worker in freestone, a grainless sandstone or limestone suitable for ornamental Anti-Masonry (alternatively called anti-Freemasonry) is "avowed opposition to Freemasonry ", [1] which has led to multiple forms of religious discrimination, violent persecution, and suppression in some countries as well as in various organized religions (primarily Abrahamic religions). It exists around the world, almost everywhere that Freemasonry exists. It manifests in many different forms, and as of 2017, its overall history remains to be fully established. Almost every country in the world has a Grand Lodge of Freemasons, and each has its own website. The Masonic Obedience of France was later on more amicably divided between the the Bodies, and the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council exist as independent powers in French Freemasonry. 1726 The date which is considered that Freemasonry entered France. Jun 4, 2025 · Laïcité and the Third Republic – Institutionalizing Secularism How Freemasonry helped enshrine the separation of church and state into the fabric of French law and identity. Masons can refer more broadly to individuals involved in masonry work or other related professions. History of the French National Lodge (From Antoine P:. Catholicism vs Freemasonry Catholicism vs. May 7, 2007 · The movement in France Note the existence of three main strands of freemasonry in France on the one hand, and 'The Rights of Man' and a scattering of unorganized lodges on the other. The various forms all share moral and metaphysical ideals Curious how a refugee shaped Freemasonry’s golden age? Jean Théophile Desaguliers—born to Huguenot exile, raised in secret, then rising to Grand Master in 1719—bridged Huguenot diaspora and early modern Freemasonry. Jan 2, 2013 · Traditional Free Masons today are choosing between three rites: The Traditional French Rite (Restored French Modern Rite, from the Grand Lodge of 1717). Freemasonry has inspired a number of offshoots, or appendant bodies, from the Shrine and Knights Templar to the York Rite and Scottish Rite. Discover how opposing English and French regimes weaponized and shaped Freemasonry, creating divisions that endure today, revealing how politics dictates an institution's evolution. Freemasonry Irreconcilable Forever Rev. Robert I. We see his kingdom divided here on earth, manifested in the struggle between the Knights Templar (French Freemasonry) and the Priory of Sion (English Freemasonry). Find accurate translations for "freemasonry" in French Explore various translations of "freemasonry" sorted by frequency and relevance to find the perfect match for your context. Today, they are worn in all the Masonic Rites, while Chain Necklaces are preferred for Grand Dress in certain obediences. At its core, Freemasonry seeks to promote brotherhood and self-improvement, using allegorical rituals and symbolism to impart moral and spiritual lessons. The Grand Orient vs. Stat. Freemasonry spread to other parts of Europe and eventually made its way to the American colonies. The Court of Vienna was more or less Masonic since the reign of the wretched Joseph U. Jun 1, 2021 · The meeting of the first Saint-Thomas Lodge took place at an English caterer’s, in the rue des Boucheries, in the Faubourg Saint-Germain; and the first known members were mostly emigrants. [4] Latin America Freemasonry in Latin America has a prominent presence, with many Masonic lodges and members across the region. 1731 Initiation at La Haye of the Duke of Lorraine, future Emperor of Austria. Organized locally in secret societies known as lodges, freemasonry attracted adherents in every major European state over the course of the eighteenth century. Sep 14, 2023 · Origins of Freemasonry in France: Freemasonry, or “Franc-Maçonnerie” in French, is believed to have been introduced to France in the early 18th century, primarily through contact with English and Scottish Freemasons. It is born from the desire of its founders to use the Operative Rite of Solomon. The French Rite is a Rite of Freemasonry that was founded in France, in 1786. The two “Rites” complement each other very well and there are many who follow the view that the degree of the Royal Arch is the “higher degree” of the Emulation Rite. 1021-35. His hand in the 1723 Constitutions sparked controversy and innovation, inviting you to explore how exile fuelled Masonic transformation. Initially aligned with the principles of English Freemasonry, the GODF quickly developed its own identity, in line with the Enlightenment and the French spirit of criticism. Foundation of a lodge in Paris by Lord Derwentwater called Louis d'Argent. Freemasonry is one Jan 4, 2013 · The Mixed Grand Lodge of France has a duty to extend to all mankind the fraternal ties that unite the Freemasons. The first is the French National Grand Lodge, with a minority of members, but recognized by London and claiming to be the only one to maintain 'masonic regularity'. While conservative Masonry became dominant in the English-speaking world during the 19th century, alternative traditions maintained a continuous presence, particularly in urban centers and among immigrant communities. It was heavily influenced by publication of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, [3] a fabricated document that appeared in the Russian Empire purporting to be an exposé of a worldwide Jewish conspiracy. the Catholic Church An ideological and institutional battle for the moral soul of France. [137] Freemasonry in Spain (Spanish: Masonería) is first recorded in 1728, in an English lodge. Aug 11, 2019 · Masons? Freemasons? Is there a difference? If so, what is it? Sep 24, 2025 · Freemasonry, the teachings and practices of the fraternal order of Free and Accepted Masons, the largest worldwide secret society. Jan 2, 2013 · Declaration of Principles The Grand Lodge of the Masonic French Alliance is an independent and sovereign Masonic Body, exclusively male which exercises its authority on the first three grades or degrees of the symbolical Freemasonry. It’s origins are French, but it was codified into something resembling its modern form in the Southern Jurisdiction of the USA (now headquartered in Washington, DC). Knights Templar English Freemasonry and Revolution The Religious Wars of France From England to France Rejecting Christianity: Pagan Symbols of Freemasonry and the Illuminati Music and Revolution The Jewish Connection The Jesuit Connection Secular Education -A Masonic Blueprint Masonic Control of the Media First War between English and French Freemasonry French The Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory merges two older strains of conspiracy claims: Masonic conspiracy theories claims and antisemitic conspiracy claims. They are then building the Masonic Feminine Union of France 4 . [1] In Masonic literature Rite is often used synonymously with system and the French regime. Although Freemason mythology traces the group's origins to the construction of King Solomon's Temple, historians identify its origins in English medieval stonemason guilds, which formed among the skilled craftsmen who built The Conflict: Priory of Sion vs. This grand… Freemasonry was particularly prevalent in France—by 1789, there were between 50,000 and 100,000 French Masons, making Freemasonry the most popular of all Enlightenment associations. Although it evolved within 18th-century Freemasonry is a fraternal organization that arose from obscure origins in the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century. • Freemasonry has about 140,000 to 150,000 members, contrasting with declining political party affiliations. Nov 15, 2023 · The Masonic Collars and sashes, associated with the Order of the Holy Spirit in France, symbolise equality. The history of Freemasons is presented including actual history and the traditions of Freemasons Apr 16, 2025 · Early Origins and Development (1725-1773) Liberal Freemasonry's distinct character began emerging from the Premiere Grand Lodge Ritual practiced in France during the Age of Enlightenment. Nov 11, 2024 · Does Freemasonry refer to the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in its legends and rituals ? Very little, if at all, in the case of continental European Freemasonry, particularly French-speaking Freemasonry. George's No. Unlock the mysteries of Freemasonry in Europe: From medieval origins to modern influence, delve into the captivating history of this enigmatic fraternity. ENGLISH FREEMASONRY AND REVOLUTION When the Grand Lodge was founded (1717), George I had been on the throne only three years. In terms of membership, it is the most densely populated geographical area after the United States. The Sentimental and Masonic Magazine, Vol. France represents what we call the “Continental” tradition. These lodges received French Gentlemen. The French Rite is intimately linked to the birth of Freemasonry in France and was founded in France in 1786. It went through phases of development and internal conflict, and became a major player in Freemasonry under Napoleon. [5] As recorded by Jérôme de Lalande in his "Mémoire historique sur la Maçonnerie" (1777), the first documented lodge was established in Paris by English Freemasons, [6] including " Milord Dervent-Waters, the chevalier Maskelyne, d'Heguerty The first Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons was established in 1717 in London. Mar 20, 2023 · The English Freemasons claimed that the French were too mystical, while the French Freemasons criticized the English for being preoccupied with their relationship with the church and cathedral building. "Grand Lodge of England in 1738, is considered by some historians as a Figure 1 18th century Masonic plate from France pendence from British Freemasonry. Freemasons are so called to distinguish them from the Operative or Stone-Masons, who constituted an inferior class of workmen, and out of whom they sprang (see Stonemasons and Traveling Freemasons). :, in a triangular form following the letter, which peculiar mark was first used, according to Ragon, on the 12th of August, 1774, by the Grand Orient of France, in an address to its subordinates. The Rectified Scottish Rite (derived in 1778 and 1782 from the Strict Observance). Jan 4, 2013 · In 1945, while the French Masonry is undergoing reconstruction, the Grande Loge de France confirms the autonomy of its Lodges of adoptions. The higher grades bring variations. Jun 12, 2014 · His nomination as French grandmaster, prior to the transformation of the "Grand Lodge of London" into the "Grand Lodge of England in 1738, was an important event for French Freemasonry and its independence from British Freemasonry. In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry among women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Freemasonry is often said to consist of three branches not in mutual regular amity each using the term 'regular' to name their branch: Anglo-American style Freemasonry Liberal Freemasonry Women Freemasonry The Anglo-American style of Freemasonry is the dominant form in the United States, and the countries that once formed the British Empire. Below is a detailed account of how Freemasonry expanded across the continent: Jun 13, 2009 · The Grand Orient de France is the oldest French Masonic Grand Lodge. • The average age of Freemasons has increased significantly, with many members over 60. These early French lodges operated differently from their English 1756 The English Grand Lodge of France revised its statutes and dropped the word, "English," from its name. Ecossism according to the Encyclopedia of Freemasonry is defined in the following way: A name given by French Masonic writers to the 33 Degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. Mar 25, 2009 · I gather that the main difference you note between French and American/English Masonries involve 1) religion and 2) an explicit involvement in societal and political matters. [137] Jun 27, 2018 · FREEMASONRY FREEMASONRY. As various papal bulls condemned Freemasonry the Spanish Inquisition did their best to close lodges and demonise Freemasons, therefore the success of Freemasonry from year to year depended on the sympathy or antipathy of the ruling regime. The “Emulation” English Style Rite (from England Union 1813). The first documented French masonic lodge was established in Paris in 1725, and by 1773, the Grand Orient de France was formally established. [137] Liberal Freemasonry predominates in some nations, especially in French- and Portuguese-speaking regions (while being less common English-speaking areas). GODF) is the oldest and largest of several Freemasonic organizations based in France and is the oldest in Continental Europe (as it was formed out of an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773, and briefly absorbed the rump of the older body in 1799, allowing it to date its foundation to 1728 or 1733 This stream of Freemasonry likely appeared in England between 1733 and 1735 as some writings attest to the existence of “Scotch Masons” in this period. Unlike the initial degrees conferred in a regular Masonic Lodge, which (in most Regular Masonic jurisdictions) only require a belief in a Supreme Being regardless of religious affiliation, [1 ‘Perceptions, prejudices, and persecutions’ outlines the relationship of freemasonry with the press; the history of regulation and suppression through the 19th and 20th centuries; and describes the modern conspiracy myth that perpetuates with freemasonry. Some African leaders, such as Pascal Lissouba of the Republic of the Congo, have belonged to Masonic lodges allied with Liberal Freemasonry. Nevertheless, Freemasonry is frequently referenced in the In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other The earliest official English documents to refer to masons are written in Latin — " sculptores lapidum liberorum " (London 1212), " magister lathomus liberarum petrarum " (Oxford 1391) — or Norman French — " mestre mason de franche peer " (Statute of Labourers 1351 (25 Edw. This stream of Freemasonry likely appeared in England between 1733 and 1735 […] Except for rare exceptions, Masonic rites are most of the time under the control of Grand Lodges for the first three degrees then under the control of a concordant body for any upper degrees. The “Royal Arch” is considered by the English Freemasons as the deepest achievement and completeness of the Master Mason degree, and not as a new grade or degree. It recommends to its initiates to participate in social and cultural public life and to disseminate the fruits of their research by their example, subject to the strict observance of the Masonic secret. g8mex etqq7 shi kb6 edk opj bfm q3oyqoel iqzrp aumxu